Understanding Basic TCM Terms

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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an ancient art of healing and an increasingly accepted practice around the world. Rooted in the ancient philosophy of Taoism, TCM dates back to more than 2,500 years ago.

Here is a quick guide on the meanings behind commonly used TCM words.

Five Elements

The 5 elements are: wood, fire, earth, metal and water. Each has a specific characteristic as illustrated below:

A person’s vital life force, it is the source of energy flow in one’s body. If the qi is up and running, everything is in harmony. If the qi is weak or imbalance, illness and disease will occur.

Meridian Systems

The body has 12 principal meridian channels, and its primary focus is to carry and distribute qi, body fluids and blood to every part of the body. Meridians do not have anatomical structures. Along these 12 channels, lie acupoints. There are approximately 365 acupuncture points. Each point belongs to a particular meridian channel that connects to specific organs.

Yin vs. Yang

TCM considers the world as a single unit and its movement gives rise to yin and yang. The two opposing yet interdependent forces must maintain balance, and one cannot dominate the other. It is a concept used to diagnose patterns of disharmony and determine treatments to restore balance.

The 5 Organs & their roles

The Liver System

Role: Regulates the qi movement throughout the body.

Function: The Liver stores sufficient blood, boosts the digestive functions of the Spleen, nourishes the eyes from blood stored in the Liver and ensures proper movement of tendons preventing symptoms like spasms, numbness of limbs and difficulty bending or stretching.

The Spleen System

Role: Assists with digestion, and governs blood flow and fluid metabolism in the body.

Function: Transform food into essence used for qi and blood transformation. Our spleen’s health is reflected in lips, mouth and movement of the limbs and muscles.

The Lung System

Role: Regulars qi movement necessary for blood circulation, fluid metabolism, the autonomic nervous system and the immune system.

Function: Controls the circulation of qi and blood to moisten skin and body hair. When these functions are weakened, skin and hair become dull, rough and dry.

The Heart System

Role: Regulates the cardiovascular system while maintaining the nervous system’s functions. Qi from a health heart maintains an efficient blood flow in the blood vessels.

Function: The heart stores the “spirit”, an individual’s vitality. This ensures optimum mental, cognitive and intellectual abilities.

The Kidney System

Role: Regulates the urinary system, and controls the reproductive and nervous systems.

Function: The kidney stores ‘Jing’, an essential substance for bone growth, closely associated with life. Dental problems, hair loss, immature hair greying, hearing problems and urinary tract disorders are all signs of disharmony in the kidney system.

Acupuncture

It is a physical treatment that uses hair-thin needles at specific points on the body. Acupuncture helps to restore balance, clear blockage within the meridians and strengthens qi. It is commonly used in pain management, arthritis, depression, allergic rhinitis and other health issues.

Cupping

It is a physical treatment that uses glass or bamboo cups that are warmed to create a partial vacuum, so that a suction force can be created on the skin’s surface. Cupping helps to activate the lymphatic system promote blood circulation and aid deep tissue repair.

Tuina

It is a combination of massage, acupressure and other forms of body manipulation by applying pressure to acupoints, Meridians and groups of muscles or nerves to remove blockages that prevent the free flow or circulation of qi and blood.

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Emotions and Organs: A Deep Connection

Have you ever wondered why anger seems to knot your stomach or why grief makes your chest feel heavy?

Emotions aren't just fleeting experiences; they're like threads weaving through the fabric of our lives, influencing our health and well-being in ways we might not always recognise. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) sees emotions as intertwined with our organs and the elements they represent. When everything's in sync, it's like a beautiful symphony. But throw in some disharmony, and it's more like a clamour of noise.

Here’s how five key emotions can cause imbalances and impact physical health:

1. Anger

Organ: Liver
Effects: Anger causes the ‘Qi’ to rise, disrupting its smooth flow. This can result in tension, frustration, headaches, dizziness, and hypertension. Over time, chronic anger may lead to liver damage, affecting detoxification and digestion.
Symptoms: High blood pressure, migraines, digestive issues, and menstrual irregularities.

2. Overjoy

Organ: Heart
Effects: While joy is generally positive, excessive joy or overexcitement can overstimulate the heart, leading to a scattering of the Heart ‘Qi’. This may cause restlessness, insomnia, palpitations, and general anxiety.
Symptoms: Heart palpitations, insomnia, agitation, and difficulty concentrating.

3. Grief

Organ: Lungs
Effects: Sadness and grief deplete the Lung ‘Qi’, weakening the lungs and immune system. This can lead to respiratory issues, fatigue, and a diminished ability to ward off infections.
Symptoms: Shortness of breath, frequent colds, and a weakened immune system.

4. Worry and Overthinking

Organ: Spleen
Effects: Excessive worry and overthinking impair the Spleen's ability to transform and transport food and fluids. This can lead to digestive issues, muscle tension, and a weakened ability to assimilate nutrients.
Symptoms: Digestive problems, weight gain or loss, muscle fatigue, and decreased energy levels.

5. Fear

Organ: Kidneys
Effects: Fear depletes Kidney ‘Qi’, affecting the kidneys and adrenal glands. This can result in issues with growth and development, problems related to water metabolism and reproductive health.
Symptoms: Lower back pain, urinary problems, reproductive issues, and feelings of chronic fatigue.

This intricate interplay underscores the dynamic equilibrium necessary for optimal health and well-being. When one element dominates or is weakened, disharmony ensues, leading to physical ailments, emotional disturbances, or mental imbalances.

So how do we find balance?

Understanding the intricate web of connections between the Five Elements, organs, and emotions is essential for cultivating holistic health in TCM. To manage these imbalances, it's important to address both their emotional and physical aspects.

Here are detailed tips for each emotion:

1. Managing Anger 😠

Exercise: Engage in physical activities such as jogging, swimming, or martial arts to release pent-up energy and reduce tension.
Acupressure and Acupuncture: Seek treatments targeting the Liver meridian to promote the smooth flow of ‘Qi’.
Diet: Avoid excessive alcohol and spicy foods, and incorporate cooling foods like cucumber, mint, and green leafy vegetables.

2. Managing Excessive Joy 😊

Moderation: Cultivate a balanced lifestyle to avoid overstimulation. Practice mindfulness to remain grounded.
Relaxation Techniques: Engage in relaxation techniques like deep breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation.
Herbal Remedies: Use calming herbs like valerian root, chamomile, and lavender to soothe the mind.

3. Managing Sadness and Grief 😢

Social Connections: Maintain strong social connections and seek support from friends and family.
Breathing Exercises: Practice deep breathing exercises to strengthen Lung ‘Qi’ and improve respiratory function.
Outdoor Activities: Spend time in nature to uplift your mood and enhance Lung capacity.

4. Managing Worry and Overthinking😟

Balanced Diet: Avoid excessive sugar and processed foods. Eat warm, cooked meals that support Spleen health, like oats, sweet potatoes, and carrots.
Exercise: Regular physical activity helps reduce stress and improve digestive function.
Herbal Support: Use herbs such as ginger, cinnamon, and licorice root to strengthen the Spleen and improve digestion.

5. Managing Fear 😨

Hydration: Drink plenty of water to support Kidney function.
Kidney Health: Keep your lower back warm and practice exercises that strengthen the lower back and kidneys, like yoga or Tai Chi.
Diet: Incorporate foods that nourish the kidneys, such as black beans, walnuts, and seaweed.
Therapy: Engage in therapy to address underlying fears and anxieties.

The Five Elements Theory of TCM offers a captivating lens through which to view your health and emotions. So the next time you feel a surge of excitement that leaves your heart racing and your body tingling with anticipation, remember the elemental forces at play and let them guide you toward inner harmony.

By addressing both the emotional and physical aspects of health, you can effectively manage emotional imbalances and promote overall well-being. If you're seeking guidance on your journey to wellness, our team of experts is here to assist you in creating a personalised path to wellness.

What is Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Traditional Chinese Medicine, or TCM, is one of the world’s oldest forms of medicine, with a history of more than 2,500 years. It is the essence of Chinese history, philosophy and medical knowledge. It is still the main form of medicine to many Chinese today.

With more research being done, and greater worldwide interest in natural products, TCM is increasingly recognised as a viable form of alternative medicine in other parts of the world.

One important perspective of TCM concerns the balance of the body (形，Xing) and mind (神，Shen). A healthy body forms a firm foundation for a healthy mind, which includes one’s thoughts, emotions and psychological state.

In short, TCM does not manage the illness alone, but the person with the illness. This medical approach is built upon the concepts of Zang Xiang, Yin Yang and the Five Elements.

Zang Xiang 藏相

Zang Xiang literally means the external manifestations of the health condition or status of our internal organs.

Zang Xiang forms the basic principle of most TCM diagnoses. By examining the symptoms displayed at superficial level, the root causes of the illnesses in the body can be nailed down; the principle of treatment can be derived and administered accordingly.

Zang refers to the interior location of the Zang-fu（脏腑）organs; while Xiang refers to their external appearance or symptoms.

Zang-fu covers the five Zang organs (the Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lungs and Kidneys) and six Fu organs (the Gall bladder, Stomach, Bladder, Large Intestines, Small Intestines and Triple Energizer).

Triple Energizer (三焦，San Jiao) refers to the upper (region above diaphragm), middle (region in between diaphragm and belly button) and lower (region below belly button) parts of the body, and its most important function is to govern water metabolism.

Yin Yang 阴阳

Everything in the universe exists as two opposing yet interdependent forces – Yin and Yang. They are two opposites of a whole which cannot exist without each other. Yin literally represents the “shady or dormant” aspect (e.g. water, dark, cold, night, passive, female) while Yang refers to the “sunny or active” aspect (e.g. fire, bright, hot, day, active, male).

In TCM, the Yin Yang concept is applied to understand the complex interconnections and constant changes in the human body. TCM views the human body as an integrated whole, where all organs and systems are interconnected and interdependent of each other. Generally, when Yin and Yang are in balance, our body is healthy; but if one force dominates the other, pain and illness will arise. TCM uses the Yin Yang concept to diagnose patterns of disharmony and determine treatments to restore balance.

Five Elements 五行

The Five Elements consist of wood, fire, earth, metal and water. Each represents different properties, functions or appearances under which all things in the universe can be classified. This concept is used to describe interactions and relationships between all natural phenomena.

The Five Elements interact with one another in two cycles, mainly the enhancing and destructive cycle. In the enhancing cycle, each elemental phase is assisting one another by boosting their ability to transform, whereas the destructive cycle exerts its effect by keeping each elemental phase under control to ensure balance and harmony.

In TCM, balance between generation and control is important for health maintenance.

How TCM Works

TCM treats the mind, body and spirit as a single entity. This holistic approach is derived from fundamental beliefs in the Chinese culture, which emphasise the inseparable nature of Man with the Universe, as well as the need for balance and harmony.

When a person’s vital life force, known as Qi (气, pronounced “chi”), flows smoothly through the body, it establishes a balance between his spiritual, emotional, mental and physical realms. Similarly, the person needs to function in harmony with his environment, which includes acclimatising himself to the climate and the changes in his daily lifestyle.

If that flow and balance is upset, disease and illness will arise.

TCM employs a system of diagnosis, therapy and medication to restore that balance by boosting the body’s immune system in an attempt to fight off pathogens.

A TCM treatment usually includes a combination of medicinal herbs, nutritional therapies, physical treatments such as acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, massage or Tuina, and therapeutic exercises such as taichi and related breathing techniques.

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